Group. For this genus, the richness showed upward tendency with all the increase of pH (Figure 9C), whereas for the common fungal community the richness decreased using the enhance of pH (Figure 9A).Figure 9. Linear regression among pH value and fungal OTU richness (A), bacterial OTU richness (B), and richness of OTU belonging to the fungal genus Emericellopsis (C).three.four. Fungal and Bacterial CoOccurrence NetworksBiology 2021, 10,14 ofNetwork evaluation (Figure ten) showed that significant constructive interactions dominated the microbial community on the Julong hot springs with an really higher percentage of constructive correlations in both fungal (one hundred ) and bacterial (93 ) communities (Table S7). The fungal network exhibited a very uncomplicated structure as reflected by a very low quantity of nodes and edges, at the same time as average degree (Figure 10A and Table S7). On the contrary, a a lot additional difficult network structure was identified for the bacterial neighborhood, with drastically distinct topological properties in comparison to the fungal network (Figure 10B and Table S7). Phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Rozellomycota had essentially the most abundant interactions with other nodes in the fungal network (Figure 10A). Bacterial phyla Patescibacteria Armatimonadetes, Carbazeran In stock Deinococcus hermus, and Bacteroidetes had higher correlations with other members (Figure 10B). Fungal genus Ciliophora (OTU2 and OTU659) and bacterial genera Chloracidobacterium (OTU8) and Meiothermus (OTU2504) played essential interactive roles in their communities.Figure ten. TPMPA GABA Receptor Sediment OTUs network evaluation with the Julong hot springs (Fruchterman eingold layout). (A) Network of fungal neighborhood; (B) network of bacterial community. Each and every node represents an OTU indicating a single species. Color codes for nodes belonging to distinctive dominant phyla. The node size is proportional for the degree (degree: quantity of direct correlations to a node). Constructive interactions are displayed as red edges and adverse interactions are displayed as blue edges.Biology 2021, ten,15 of3.five. Comparison of CultureDependent and CultureIndependent Microbial Diversity Analyses We compared the results of culturedependent and cultureindependent microbial diversity analyses performed around the 20 collected hot spring sediment samples (Figure 11). For the fungal neighborhood, only the phylum Ascomycota and Mucoromycota had been found from culturebased evaluation, whilst the other nine phyla had been also detected by metabarcoding evaluation (Figure 11A). Numerous dominant fungal genera depending on the cultureindependent approach had been also discovered from fungal isolation, like Emericellopsis, Cladosporium, Plectosphaerella, Penicillium, and Aspergillus (Figure 11B). For the bacterial neighborhood, cultureindependent evaluation showed that the studied hot springs harbored many bacterial phyla and genera, though only two phyla (Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and four genera (Chryseobacterium, Herbaspirillum, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas) have been recovered utilizing culturedependent analysis (Figure 11C). Isolated bacterial strains belonging to the genera Chryseobacterium, Sphingomonas, and Pseudomonas had been also detected within the cultureindependent strategy, occupying extremely little proportions (0.00153 , 0.04868 , and 0.05038 , respectively) in the total diversity (Figure 11D).Biology 2021, ten,16 ofFigure 11. Comparison of culturedependent and cultureindependent evaluation methods in the fungal neighborhood at the phylum (A) and genus (B) levels, as well as the bacterial community at the p.