Nesis7. Additionally, there is certainly evidence that males suffering from chronic prostatitis had a 30 larger probability of developing PCa10 although you can find no direct links involving benign prostatic hyperplasia and PCa11. Because the understanding of PCa continues to deepen, a set of systematic and individualised routine therapies have already been formed and encouraged in clinical practice recommendations, for instance active surveillance and observation, radiotherapy, surgery, androgen deprivation therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy12. Having said that, they are linked with quite a few adverse events, such as fatigue, neuropathy, stomatitis, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and headache12. As a consequence of restricted therapeutic effects and adverse events linked with routine treatments13,14, an increasing variety of PCa individuals are looking for complementary and option medicine like Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for the management and/or support of androgen deprivation therapy157. CHM potentially delivers a wealth of bioactive organic compounds and has been used for the management of urination-related disorders for any extended time period18,19. A current systematic overview involving 1224 patients reported that CHMs may well delay the improvement of PCa, extend survival time and improve patients’ physical efficiency, without any adverse events20.Discipline of Chinese Medicine, College of Overall health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. 2School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia. email: angela.yang@ rmit.edu.au| https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86141-1 1 Vol.:(0123456789)Scientific Reports |(2021) 11:www.nature.com/scientificreports/Figure 1. Prospective target proteins and their network analyses. (a) Venn diagram of candidate drug targets for prostate ErbB3/HER3 site cancer. Group A: Targets from research of prostate cancer; Group B: Targets from research of cancers except prostate cancer; Group C: Targets from studies of chronic prostatitis; Group D: Targets from currently authorized drugs for prostate cancer; Group E: Targets under category of `prostate carcinoma’ in Open Targets database. (b) Protein rotein interaction network of drug targets for prostate cancer. This figure was generated by the STRING database. (c) Network of best ten Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. AR androgen receptor, ACPP acid phosphatase prostate, BAX B-cell lymphoma-2 related X, BCL2 B-cell lymphoma-2, CASP3 Caspase three, CYP17A1 Cytochrome P450 family 17 PDK-1 drug subfamily A member 1, CYP21A2 Cytochrome P450 family 21 subfamily A member 2, CYP19A1 Cytochrome P450 family members 19 subfamily A member 1, FDPS farnesyl diphosphate synthase, GGPS1 geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase1, GNRHR gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor, HIF1A hypoxia inducible factor-1, ICAM1 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1, IL1B interleukin 1, IL2 interleukin two, IL8 interleukin 8, KCHN2 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member two, LHCGR luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor, MAP2 microtubule related protein two, MAP4 microtubule associated protein 4, MAPT microtubule connected protein tau, MDA malondialdehyde, NR1I2 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member two, NR1I3 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member three, PDCD1 programmed cell death 1, PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog, PTGS2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, SOD superoxide dismutase, TNFA tumour necrosis factor-, TNFSF11 tumour necrosis factor superfamily member 11, TP53 tumour protein 53, TUBA4A tu.