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(2021) 22:899 Sun et al. BMC Genomics doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-08213-wRESEARCHOpen AccessTranscriptome comparative evaluation of ovarian follicles reveals the key genes and signaling pathways implicated in hen egg productionXue Sun1,two, Xiaoxia Chen1,2, Jinghua Zhao1,two, Chang Ma1,two, Chunchi Yan1,2, Simushi Liswaniso1,two, Rifu Xu1,2 and Ning Qin1,2Abstract Background: Ovarian follicle development plays an essential role in determination of poultry egg production. The follicles in the numerous developmental stages possess their very own distinct molecular genetic traits and have distinct biological roles in chicken ovary improvement and function. Inside the every stage, many genes of follicle-specific SIK2 review expression and biological pathways are involved within the vary-sized follicular improvement and physiological events. Identification of the pivotal genes and signaling pathways that handle the follicular improvement is beneficial for understanding their exact regulatory functions and molecular mechanisms underlying egg-laying traits of laying hens. Final results: The comparative mRNA transcriptomic evaluation of ovarian follicles at 3 crucial developmental stages including slow expanding white follicles (GWF), tiny yellow follicles (SYF) of recruitment into the hierarchy, and differentiated huge yellow follicles (LYF), was achieved in the layers with lower and larger egg production. Totally, 137, 447, and 229 of up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 99, 97, and 157 of down-regulated DEGs in the GWF, SYF and LYF follicles, such as VIPR1, VIPR2, ADRB2, and HSD17B1 had been identified, respectively. Furthermore, NDUFAB1 and GABRA1 genes, two most promising candidates potentially related with egg-laying functionality were screened out in the 13 co-expressed DEGs within the GWF, SYF and LYF samples. We further investigated the biological effects of NDUFAB1 and GABRA1 on ovarian follicular development and identified that NDUFAB1 promotes follicle development by stimulating granulosa cell (GC) proliferation and decreasing cell apoptosis, increases the expression of CCND1 and BCL-2 but attenuates the expression of caspase-3, and facilitates steroidogenesis by enhancing the expression of STAR and CYP11A1. In contrast, GABRA1 inhibits GC proliferation and stimulates cell apoptosis, decreases the expression of CCND1, BCL-2, STAR, and CYP11A1 but elevates the expression of caspase-3. Moreover, the 3 vital signaling pathways like PPAR signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction had been drastically enriched, which may perhaps play crucial roles in ovarian follicle development, differentiation, follicle choice, and maturation.Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] Xue Sun and Xiaoxia Chen contributed equally to this function. two Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technologies, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China Full list of αLβ2 supplier author facts is accessible at the end with the articleThe Author(s) 2021. Open Access This article is licensed beneath a Creative Commons Attribution four.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided that you give proper credit for the original author(s) and also the supply, present a hyperlink for the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if modifications have been created. The pictures or